• Toxoplasma gondii is an exceptionally tractable apicomplexan

  2021-11-30

  

  Toxoplasma gondii is an exceptionally tractable apicomplexan parasite that expresses a limited yet representative subset of apicomplexan cyclase orthologs, making it an ideal model for investigating cyclic nucleotide signaling in Apicomplexa. Of the five putative nucleotide cyclases, only TgACα1 and

• Migratory properties of Treg are extremely important for the

  2021-11-29

  

  Migratory properties of Treg are extremely important for the potential in vivo application. Therefore, the observed expression of CXCR3 on almost all obtained insulin-specific Treg is crucial for directing Ac-YVAD-CHO into the inflamed tissue (in this case pancreatic islets). CXCR3 responds to CXCL

• br Conflicts of interest br Introduction Antiretroviral ther

  2021-11-29

  

  Conflicts of interest Introduction Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is effective in reducing mortality (Detels et al., 1998), and preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) (CDC, 1994, Connor et al., 1994) and sexual transmission of HIV (Cohen et al., 2011). However, the optimal time to start

• Compared to methadone or morphine buprenorphine is a partial

  2021-11-29

  

  Compared to methadone or morphine, buprenorphine is a partial mu-opioid agonist, which shows high affinity for, and slow dissociation from, mu-opioid receptors. This maintenance of homeostasis may help to counter the development of an overt withdrawal syndrome, and may explain the lower risk of deve

• How do myofibroblast sources compare

  2021-11-29

  

  How do myofibroblast sources compare between bone marrow and other organs? Perivascular ALW-II-41-27 with MSC properties significantly contribute to fibrosis in muscle, fat, skin, heart, kidney, lung, and liver (reviewed in Iwayama et al., 2015) and activate Gli1 in many of these organs (Kramann et 

• Polymerisation of HbS initiates the clinical

  2021-11-29

  

  Polymerisation of HbS initiates the clinical complications of SCD (Bunn and Forget, 1986). The resulting sequelae are multiple and diverse, and their individual impact on pathogenesis is difficult to elucidate. Early changes include altered red cell membrane permeability (Gibson and Ellory, 2002, Le

• Glucocorticoid is a major regulator of body s response

  2021-11-29

  

  Glucocorticoid is a major regulator of body's response to stress (Armario, 2006). Repeated injections of the glucocorticoid corticosterone (CORT) in mice have been shown to produce an animal model of depression (Zhao et al., 2008). Further study of this phenomenon suggested that prolonged CORT expos

• SCPNs and CPNs exhibit similar strength of electrical

  2021-11-29

  

  SCPNs and CPNs exhibit similar strength of electrical coupling (Maruoka et al., 2017) and had similar membrane properties (Experimental Procedures), and showed no significant difference in amplification and synchronization (Figs. 2E and 3C). However, a subset of CPNs exhibit very strong electrical c

• Several named antagonist ligands have figured

  2021-11-29

  

  Several named antagonist ligands have figured noticeably in preclinical studies, with proved clear ability to release neurotransmitters and having efficacy in preclinical animal models. Consequently, this has encouraged ongoing research on improved agents with potency, selectivity, and better drug-l

• Apo E is defined as a polym http

  2021-11-29

  

  Apo E is defined as a polymorphic protein arising from three alleles. The human Apo E gene was widely studied and described to be located on chromosome 19, closely linked to the Apo C-I/C-II gene complex [9]. The three major alleles, termed Epsilon-2, Epsilon-3 and Epsilon-4 have been reported [10].

• br Author Contributions br Acknowledgments We thank Hiroyuki

  2021-11-29

  

  Author Contributions Acknowledgments We thank Hiroyuki Miyoshi, Makoto Nakanishi, Yoshikazu Johmura, Yuki Okada, Yoshinori Makino, Takashi Sutani, and Katsuhiko Shirahige for kindly providing materials and technical information, Shiho Takahashi-Kariyazono for technical advice, and all members

• br Introduction Coat colors are determined by both genetics

  2021-11-29

  

  Introduction Coat colors are determined by both genetics and environment, especially genetics. The phenotype of coat color of animals depends on two types of melanin, black to brown eumelanin and yellow to reddish brown pheomelanin produced in mammalian melanocyte (Ito et al., 2000; Ito and Wakam

• Introduction Multiple sclerosis MS a neurological autoimmune

  2021-11-29

  

  Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS), a neurological autoimmune disease, is driven by CD4+ IAA-94 of the T helper (TH) cells [1]. There is no curative treatment for MS and the present treatments typically focus on immunomodulation for slowing the progression of the disease. These includes interfer

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Although

  2021-11-29

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Although there is general agreement that GPR109A has anti-lipolytic activity and that the NEFA reduction in response to nicotinic NCT-502 receptor is mediated by GPR109A, whether GPR109A activation has any impact on plasma TG levels is unclear. Since

• Nevirapine mg This evidence suggests that the human

  2021-11-29

  

  This evidence suggests that the human cochlea is equipped with antigen presenting macrophages as well as T lymphocytes that execute cytotoxic and immune mediation function. In an animal study, following acoustic overstimulation, Yang et al. (2015) found infiltration of macrophages into the region of

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